Review For Quest

Yesterday in class, we were relocated to the computer lab that no one could seem to find :D but anyway, we were working on pages 83-85. (Instructions like URL link to get info for is on page 83)

Review SHTUFF

From Chapter 11 -

-chromosome number of body cells and gamete cells

-sequence and stages of meiosis

-Know independent assortment and Law of Segregation

-know the errors of meiosis

-Terms to Know:

+Homologous

+diploid

+Haploid

+Tetrad

+Crossing-Over

+Gamete Formation

+Nondisjunction

-How Mendel studied inheritance in peas

-Summarize Mendels conclusion about Inheritance

+Principle of Dominance

+Law of Segregation

+Law of Independent Assortment

+Pure Breeding

+Hybrid

+Recessive

+Alleles

+F1 Cross

PUNNET SPHERE (square) TERMS

-homozygous/heterozygous

-genotype/phenotype

-One/Two Factor - Trait Crosses

-Incomplete Dominance

-Codominance

-Multiple Alleles

-Polygenic Traits

-How genes provide a plan for development, but how that plan takes action depends on the environment. (Climate, soil conditions, water availability)

-Relate genes to dog breeds

Ch 14. HUMAN HAIREDITY (Heredity)

-Human chromosomes in a karyotype

-Sex/Gender

-Chromosomal Issues (ie. Down Syndrome, Turners Syndrome. etc.)

-Purpose of Pedigrees and how they are used

-Describe and Perform Genetic Crosses:

+Recessive Alleles - cystic fibrosis

+Dominant Alleles - Huntington's Disease

+ Codominant Alleles - Sickle-Cell disease

-Sex Linked Disorders

+Colorblindness

+Hemophilia

+Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

-Methods Of Human DNA Analysis

+Genetic Testing

+DNA Fingerprinting

-Human Genome Project

-How researchers are attempting to cure genetic disorders

-Ethical Issues in Human Genetics

CH 15. Genetic Engineering

-Purpose of Selective Breeding/Induced Mutations

+Hybridization

+Inbreeding

+Increasing Variation

-How scientists Manipulate DNA

+Genetic Engineering

+DNA extraction/Cutting DNA/Separating DNA/Reading Sequence/Cutting/Pasting DNA/Making Copies of DNA

+Electrophoresis and DNA Fingerprinting for Crime/Paternity

-How cells can Be transformed

-Usefulness of Transgenic Organisms and Cloning

-Gene Therapy/Stem cell Research

GOOD LUCK EVERYBODY!!!

"cloning in focus"

I've searched and searched but I can't find number 3 under Cloning!

The question is List 3 facts that you leaned under "cloning in focus," but I can't find it!

Anyone else having this problem or know where it is?

Question on Homework

I didn't finish and when I went back to complete my homework I went under Cloning to answer #3 under "D. Cloning" but I couldn't find Cloning in Focus! Did I miss something?

Genetic Engineering

Tuesday's Class

Hey everybody hope you all had a good weekend. Today class started as usual which was writing down the homework and turning in previous work. We turned in pages 7-8 from the unit packet. UP 73-74 plus 79 were supposed to be stamped today, but since some people had difficulty with it Mrs. Stein said that she will stamp it tomorrow. This means that if you had and questions about the homework you should ask her and have it done by tomorow. After we got done with that business we received our genetics quiz. We went over them and Mrs. Stein answered questions that we had. For those who didn't do so well and received lower then a twelve on the written part, you're in LUCK! Mrs. Stein is allowing students to retake the quiz by Thursday, but first you must get an orange slip and go to the TLC so that you can make correct your quiz. The teacher you worked with will fill out the orange slip and when you retake your quiz in the science office you will hand it to the teacher supervising. Mrs. Stein wrote on your quiz if you were eligible to do a retake, so if you are take advantage of this awesome opportunity. THANKS MRS. STEIN!!! Once we finished talking about quizzes we began a conversation about the movie Dogs we saw on Friday for bio day. Classmates gave their opinion on the movie and explained how this movie is related to genetics. I personally thought that the movie was adorable and I think that it relates to genetics because it shows how one breed of dog could turn into millions of different kinds of dogs. Also how they can take a gene or trait form one dog and put it into another to make the perfect dog for you. Later on we took notes about genetic engineering. The notes were:
What is Genetic Engineering?
• Manipulating DNA for practical purpose:
• DNA sequencing and the Human Genome
• Transgenic organisms have many applications in agriculture
• DNA fingerprinting used in forensics
Genetic Engineering Tools: PCR
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses DNA polymerase to make copies of DNA
• Gives scientists enough DNA to work with

While taking notes we talked about the bullet points and broadened them. At one point we talked about how we are able to take a gene from a fish and put it in a tomato. I for one thought that was nasty and really weird. What do you think? After taking notes we watched Bill Nye the science guy! The movie was pretty much about genetically modified food. In the movie Bill Nye went out in public and asked random people about their opinion on genetically modified food. The funny this is that he used the same tomato example that Mrs. Stein used in class. Most people didn't care as long as the food tasted good. Also in the movie they gave examples of food that is genetically modifies. One of those examples was a papaya that modifies so that it wouldn't have and bacteria spots on its surface, it looked perfect and fruit isn't usually perfect unless it is modified. Another example was rice. Scientists genetically modified rice so that it would contain vitamin A. Believe it or not they did it to save lives. One in two children dies because of vitamin A deficiency, which is one of the reasons as to why they modified rice. I found no problem with that and thought it was actually a great idea. The movie went on until class was over. Hope you all had a productive day!

Wednesday's Class

Today we first got a stamp for UP 73-74 and 79.  We then finished notes on Genetic Engineering Tools

Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sites.... see below!

The "sticky ends" allow fr the recombination of DNA.

We talked about how DNA recombination can be used to make things like human growth hormone and insulin.  We went over the diagram below. BE SURE you understand it!

We also talked about how gel electrophoresis can be used to separate DNA based on the size of its fragments.  This can be used to create a "DNA Fingerprint".  Everyone has a different pattern of 'bands' when using gel electrophoresis... therefore, it can be used to investigate evidence from crime scenes or to determine paternity tests.

For the last 10 minutes of class, we watched a 60 Minutes episode about the used of familial searching to find people who commited crimes.  It works like this.... if evidence from a crime scene is compared to a database of DNA and it turns up a partial match, that would suggest that the person who commited the crime was RELATED to the person whose DNA partially matched the crime scene sample.  In the US there are laws that prevent investigators from disclosing this information and investigating relatives of people who have partial matches.  In England, they have solved many terrible crimes using this technology. 

Homework

Complete UP 75-78
We are meeting in the science computer lab tomorrow
Test is Friday!
Quiz Retakes by Thursday!!!

EVAN is the last scribe before winter break!!!

The Scribe List - Cycle 3

This is The Scribe List. Every possible scribe in our class is listed here. This list will be updated every day. If you see someone's name crossed off on this list then you CANNOT choose them as the scribe for the next class.


This post can be quickly accessed from the [Links] list over there on the right hand sidebar. Check here before you choose a scribe for tomorrow's class when it is your turn to do so.

IMPORTANT: Make sure you label all your Scribe Posts properly (Your Name, Unit Title, Scribe) or they will not be counted.

Michael B             Amanda                   Delia                     Evan                     Andrew          Susie
Jordan                  Michael D                Natalie                  Dana                     Alex
Gaby                    Mirella                     Anastasia               Sam                     Angel
Holly                    Calie                        Gianna                   Vicky                   Izabella
Adrian                  Caroline R                Zoe                       Matthew              Chloe

DOGS DOGS DOGS

Hey guys. Im blogging for the last two days of the week, so Thursday and Friday. On Thursday we did not do alot of things. WE just turned in our homework, which was UP pages 67-71, complete a quiz on what we have been learning in class the last few weeks, and finally we worked on UP pages 7-8. For homework we had to read pages 14.3 and 15.2 in our texbook and complete UP pages 73-74 and 79, these are both due by monday. We also had to remember to go to the Lyceum for a video on dogs.Which i think everyone did seeming that i saw all of you on Friday there.
On Friday like i said before we watched a movie about dogs and how they came to be. In the move they explained that over a long period of time dogs could have been taimed and tried to be kept as pets for hunting. When they were being taim they realeassed different hormones which altered their DNA to give them a different look then everyone else. Although they still hav a gene for all the same traits they had before.
Well thanks for reading and dont forget the homework!

73 and 74

Ive been scavenger hunting through the textbook for about 45 minutes and i have not found any concept on "DNA cutting using restrictions enzymes", "Gel electrophoresis", or "Polymerase Chain reaction." I tried google but they were speaking a whole different language. can someone please tell me where to find those.

PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD HAVE SEEN THIS BLOG!

Just for entertainment, look at the map and look at how many people have looked at our blog!! It's kinda cool, isn't it!

12/7-12/8 Scribe Post

12/7/10 Post

On Tuesday as we walked into class Mrs. Stein stamped our homework consisting of up 39-46. Then we discussed the homework and what everyone thought about it. Next we took some notes on pedigrees. The notes consisted of:

Pedigrees are used to trace disease through a family
Auto recessive disorders:
-Tay Sachs- degenerative nerve disease
-Death early in age
-Most common in Jewish population
Cystic Fibrosis- causes mucus build-up in the lungs, digestive system and liver problems
-Most effected in the northern European origins
Phenylketnuria (PKU)- lack of enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine, causes mental retardation
Autosomal Dominant Disorder:
-Huntington's disease- nervous system disease which causes loss of muscle function
Achondroplasia- a form of dwarfism
Codominant Disorders:
-Sickle cell disease
-Sickle cell anemia- abnormal shaped RBC's which do not carry oxygen effectively
Chromosomal Abnormalities and Non- Disjunctions:
-Non-disjunction in meiosis results in gametes with abnormal chromosomes number
-Most cases produce gametes that are not viable
Turner's Syndrome:
-Female with only one X chromosome
-Sterile
Klinefelter's Disease Syndrome:
-Male XXY, XXXY ,XXXXY
-Sterile

Taking notes and discussing the homework took up all of the class time on Tuesday.

Homework:
- up 53-56 (optional)
- up 47-52
- Quiz on Thursday

12/8/10 Post

In class today Mrs. Stein checked in our homework on pedigrees and genetic disorder problems which consisted of pages 45-52 in our unit packet. Then we went over the homework in our packets from both 12/7 and 12/8. Due to shortened periods we only had enough time to go over the homework and discuss what will be on the quiz tomorrow.

Homework:
-up 67-71
-up 53-56 (optional)
-Quiz tomorrow

The next scribe will be Alex Jackman.

this is my new room

Hello!!!!!!!!!!!

Hi.......
I figured a week would be just about enough time for people to start missing me!
i have been pretty good here and i an glad that i didn't wind up with a creepy roommate.
Just checking in!
Joel Kinzalow


P.S. look at the label!

?

i signed into the online book and it said there are "no products available" and that i should contact a teacher... HELP!

hey does anybody what we do for the Pearson activities?...i went to the website clicked unit 4 then 14.2 human genetic disorders and the "activities" button and nondisjunction disorders came up...is it suppose to be just reading??

Things may be more than they seem…

Today in Mrs. Stein’s biology class we learned about multiple alleles. Multiple alleles are a gene with two or more possible varieties. The most common example is the human blood types A, B, AB, and O. in theses blood types, types A and B are codominant, and type O is recessive.
A fun fact about blood types is that they are defined by what antigens are on the red blood cells.

We also talked about genetic disorders. There are three types of genetic disorders:
-Chromosome abnormalities- a mess up in the chromosomal order. A major example of this is Downs Syndrome.
-Single gene disorders-were a mutation is on only one gene
-Sex linked disorders- these are disorders in the chromosomes that determine the gender of an organism.

Here are some major facts about genetic disorders:
-they are a mutation in the DNA
-there are 22pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
-many genetic disorders are autosomal and recessive

We then went on to talk about sex linked disorders; here are some facts about them:
-sex linked disorders are on the X chromosome only (in the sex pair there is either
XX-female or XY- male) and many are recessive.
-hemophilia, colorblindness, muscular dystrophy, and baldness are all examples of sex linked disorders.

In order of diseases to show in a woman she must have the disease on both Xs (XaXa), and only on the one x for men (YXa). So women can be carriers(XAXa), but men cannot.

We then quickly covered pedigrees before the bell rang. All pedigrees are, are what is used to trace a disease through family. And that’s when the bell rang ending class.

Here are some links to some videos if you need them:

This one explains a lot a bout how to use multiple alleles in a punnet squarehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROL5ekow-Y4




This one shows more on how a genetic disorder occurs and how it affects peoplehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8s4he3wLgkM






This one shows some diferent types of genetic disordershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHQiwX5SSgM



The next scribe will be Michael D.

Sex Linked Problems

Below is how to do sex linked (aka X-linked) problems!

On Friday in Biology we started off class by turning in our homework which was 11.3 Cornell Notes and took out our packet pages 34-35 for a homework stamp. Afterwards we began with practicing some dihybrid problems to help us review, we also went over homework on packet pages 33-35. In the earlier chapeter we talked about genes being either strictly dominant or recessive, but thats not really true of living things, so we took notes explaining why some genes are different and they have two different alleles fo one trait.
* refer to notes below for explanation*

~Incomplete Dominance~

• Alleles are NOT dominant or recessive
  
• Cross between 2 phenotypes produces a third phenotype which is a BLENDING of trhe two traits

• Examples:

straight x curly = wavy hair red x white = pink

Steps To Incomplete Dominance

1. Assign Letters: Red Flower = R White Flower = W
2. State parental cross ~ RR x WW
3. Determine parental Gametes ~ R, R, W, W
4. Punnett Square

Genotypic Ratio: 100% RW Phenotypic Ratio: 100% Pink

Co-Dominance
- Both alleles are dominant and expressed EQUALLY...NOT blended
Example : HAir color in cows red x white = ROAN (both red and white hair)

Homework: Read 14.1 in textbook & do packet pages 39-46 due monday
***Page 39 in packet walks you through an example problem if your
having trouble with dihybrid crosses***

the next scribe is Amanda

Connection between Meiosis and Mendalian Genetics

One of your classmates asked "what is the connection between meiosis and what we are doing now (ie: punnett square problems)... below is what I wrote as I explained the answer. Can you follow it?

Multiple Alleles

I hope you enjoy this one!  it took me FOREVER to get it...i kept screwing up! Also, be sure to look at my post from last night!!!

Crazy News!!!!

Have you heard? Scientists are redefining what it means to be living? Do you know how? Have you heard about the new biological discovery that was announced on Dec 2nd???? If so, email me... be sure to completely explain (in your own words!) what the discovery was, the science (and genetics) behind the discovery, and WHY its sooooo very cool!!!

Gregor Mendel Rap